26 November 1999, Mw 7.4, Vanuatu Tsunami

A large earthquake with a magnitude of 7.6 along the Northern Anatolian fault, known as theKocaeli Earthquake, generated a local tsunami within the Sea of Marmara.The tsunami was primarily generated by slumping and subsidence of coastal areas, triggered byearthquake motions. An initial recession of the water was observed at both sides of Izmit Bayimmediately after the quake, followed subsequently by tsunami waves which had an average runupof 2.5 m. Maximum runup was 4 m in Golcuk which caused damage to the naval base facilities. Infact Golcuk and several coastal areas are now flooded permanently as a result of tectonic subsidenceand landslides.